Exercise 10.1 Draw a quadrilateral in the Cartesian plane, whose vertices are (–4, 5), (0, 7), (5, –5) and (–4, –2). Also, find its area.

The base of an equilateral triangle with side 2a lies along they y-axis such that the mid point of the base is at the origin. Find vertices of the triangle.

Find thedistancebetweenandwhen: (i) PQ is parallel to they-axis, (ii) PQ is parallel to the x-axis.

Find a point on the x-axis, which is equidistant from the points (7, 6) and (3, 4).

Find the slope of a line, which passes through the origin, and the mid-point of the line segment joining the points P (0, –4) and B (8, 0).

Without using the Pythagoras theorem, show that the points (4, 4), (3, 5) and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.

Find the slope of the line, which makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of y- axis measured anticlockwise.

Find the value of x for which the points (x, –1), (2, 1) and (4, 5) are collinear.

Without using distance formula, show that points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3) and (–3, 2) are vertices of a parallelogram.

Find the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, –2).

The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If tangent of the angle between them is , find the slopes of he lines.

A linepassesthrough. If slope of the line is m, showthat .

If three point (h, 0), (a, b) and (0, k) lie on a line, show that .

Consider the given population and year graph. Find the slope of the line AB and using it, find what will be the population in the year 2010?

Exercise 10.2 Write the equations for the x and y-axes.

Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (–4, 3) with slope .

Find the equation of the line which passes though (0, 0) with slope m.

Find the equation of the line whichpassesthoughand is inclined with thex- axis at an angle of75°.

Find the equation of the line which intersects the x-axis at a distance of 3 units to the left of origin with slope –2.

Find the equation of the line which intersects the y-axis at a distance of 2 units above the origin and makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of the x-axis.

Find the equation of the line which passes through the points (–1, 1) and (2, –4).

Find the equation of the line which is at a perpendicular distance of 5 units from the origin and the angle made by the perpendicular with the positive x-axis is 30°

The vertices of ?PQR are P (2, 1), Q (–2, 3) and R (4, 5). Find equation of the median through the vertex R.

Find the equation of the line passing through (–3, 5) and perpendicular to the line through the points (2, 5) and (–3, 6).

A line perpendicular to the line segment joining the points (1, 0) and (2, 3) divides it in the ratio 1:n. Find the equation of the line.

Find the equation of a line that cuts off equal intercepts on the coordinate axes and passes through the point (2, 3).

Find equation of the line passing through the point (2, 2) and cutting off intercepts on the axes whose sum is 9.

Find equation of the line through the point (0, 2) makingananglewith thepositive x-axis. Also, find the equation of line parallel to it and crossing the y-axis at a distance of 2 units below the origin.

The perpendicular from the origin to a line meets it at the point (– 2, 9), find the equation of the line.

The length L (in centimetre) of a copper rod is a linear function of its Celsius temperature C. In an experiment, if L = 124.942 when C = 20 and L = 125.134 when C= 110, express L in terms of C.

The owner of a milk store finds that, he can sell 980 litres of milk each week at Rs 14/litre and 1220 litres of milk each week at Rs 16/litre. Assuming a linear relationship between selling price and demand, how many litres could he sell weekly at Rs 17/litre?

P (a, b) is the mid-point of a line segment between axes. Show that equation of the line is

Point R (h, k) divides a line segment between the axes in the ratio 1:2. Find equation of the line.

By using the concept of equation of a line, prove that the three points (3, 0), (–2, –2) and (8, 2) are collinear.

Exercise 10.3 Reduce the following equations into slope-intercept form and find their slopes and the y- intercepts.(i) x + 7y = 0 (ii) 6x + 3y – 5 = 0 (iii) y = 0

Reduce the following equations into intercept form and find their intercepts on the axes. (i) 3x + 2y – 12 = 0 (ii) 4x – 3y = 6 (iii) 3y + 2 = 0.

Reduce the following equations into normal form. Find their perpendicular distances from the origin and angle between perpendicular and the positive x-axis. (i) (ii) y – 2 = 0 (iii) x – y = 4

Find the distance of the point (–1, 1) from the line 12(x + 6) = 5(y – 2).

Find the points on the x-axis, whose distances from the line are 4 units.

Find the distance between parallel lines (i) 15x + 8y – 34 = 0 and 15x + 8y + 31 = 0(ii) l (x + y) + p = 0 and l (x + y) – r = 0

Find equation of the line parallel to the line 3x – 4y + 2 = 0 and passing through the point (–2, 3).

Find equation of the line perpendicular to the line x – 7y + 5 = 0 and having x intercept 3.

Find angles between the lines

The line through the points (h, 3) and (4, 1) intersects the line 7x – 9y – 19 = 0. at right angle. Find the value of h.

Prove that the line through the point (x₁, y₁) and parallel to the line Ax + By + C = 0 is A (x –x₁) + B (y – y₁) = 0.

Two lines passing through the point (2, 3) intersects each other at an angle of 60°. If slope of one line is 2, find equation of the other line.

Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (3, 4) and (–1, 2).

Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (–1, 3) to the line 3x – 4y – 16 = 0.

The perpendicular from the origin to the line y = mx + c meets it at the point (–1, 2). Find the values of m and c.

If p and q are the lengths of perpendiculars from the origin to the lines x cos ? – y sin ? = k cos 2? and x sec ?+ y cosec ? = k, respectively, prove that p² + 4q² = k²

In the triangle ABC with vertices A (2, 3), B (4, –1) and C (1, 2), find the equation and length of altitude from the vertex A.

If p is the length of perpendicular from the origin to the line whose intercepts on theaxes are a and b, then show that .

Find the values of k for whichthelineis (I) Parallel to thex-axis, (II) Parallel to they-axis, (III) Passing through the origin.

Find the values of ?and p, iftheequationis the normal form of the line.

Find the equations of the lines, which cut-off intercepts on the axes whose sum and product are 1 and –6, respectively.

What are the points on the y-axis whose distance from the line is 4 units.

Find the perpendicular distance from the origin to the line joining the points

Find the equation of the line parallel to y-axis and drawn through the point of intersection of the lines x – 7y + 5 = 0 and 3x + y = 0.

Find the equation of a line drawn perpendicular tothelinethrough the point, where it meets they-axis.

Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines y – x = 0, x + y = 0 and x – k = 0.

Find the value of p so that the three lines 3x + y – 2 = 0, px + 2y – 3 = 0 and 2x – y – 3 = 0 may intersect at one point.

If three lines whose equations are concurrent, then show that

Find the equation of the lines through the point (3, 2) which make an angle of 45° with the line x –2y = 3.

Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines 4x + 7y – 3 = 0 and 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 that has equal intercepts on the axes.

Show that the equation of the line passing through the origin and making an angle ?with theline.

In what ratio, the line joining (–1, 1) and (5, 7) is divided by the linex + y = 4?

Find the distance of the line 4x + 7y + 5 = 0 from the point (1, 2) along the line 2x – y = 0.

Find the direction in which a straight line must be drawn through the point (–1, 2) so that its point of intersection with the line x + y = 4 may be at a distance of 3 units from this point.

Find the image of the point (3, 8) with respect to the line x + 3y = 7 assuming the line to be a plane mirror.

If the lines y = 3x + 1 and 2y = x + 3 are equally inclined to the line y = mx + 4, find the value of m.

If sum of the perpendicular distances of a variable point P (x, y) from the lines x + y – 5= 0 and 3x – 2y + 7 = 0 is always 10. Show that P must move on a line.

Find equation of the line which is equidistant from parallel lines 9x + 6y – 7 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 6 = 0.

A ray of light passing through the point (1, 2) reflects on the x-axis at point A and the reflected ray passes through the point (5, 3). Find the coordinates of A.

Prove that the product of the lengths of the perpendiculars drawn from the points

A person standing at the junction (crossing) of two straight paths represented by the equations 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 5 = 0 wants to reach the path whose equation is 6x – 7y + 8 = 0 in the least time. Find equation of the path that he should follow.